…other Web authorization techniques...
Z39.50
The Z39.50 protocol supports a username/password authentication mechanism. This is invisible to the user. It is also possible to set up a Web2 HOME.HTML page that displays different resources to different classes of users (although a determined pair of users could probably figure out how to get around this).
; Location and authorization info for all Core First Search databases
authentication=999-999-999/ASDFASDF